If Black were implementing the rescue, his first step would likely be anchoring a thick, heavy rope in place from the entryway to the flooded caves all the way to the boys, he said. So, the kids are going to have to have wet suits brought in for them to keep them warm on the way out," Black said.
"You lose heat underwater, 25 times faster than in air. While Thailand does have warmer temperatures than some places where cave divers explore, the boys will still be under the water. In this situation, a thick, heavy rope may be needed so that the boys, who are complete novices, have something very obvious and sturdy to cling to in the rushing waters, he said. Normally, cave divers use a guide line, usually just a thin string, from the entrance to the cave, which they hold to navigate back out of the cave. "Diving long distances through low-to-no visibility conditions, against a harsh current, and that some sections are apparently narrow and can't be easily passed with diving gear, and that constrictions increase velocity and sticking your body in there kicks up the velocity even more to make it even harder to push through, and that if you get into trouble you can’t simply go up to the surface for air, all adds to major risk," said Veni, who is the executive director of the National Cave and Karst Research Institute and president of the International Union of Speleology. Though cave diver George Veni can't give specifics on the Thai cave in particular, he told Live Science risks abound in these types of caves. That means that even with strong lights, "visibility now is reduced essentially to zero." In addition, the Tham Luang caves were recently flooded, so the water is very turbid and filled with silt, Black added. It is total darkness, it is the absence of light," Black said. "When you're in a cave, you experience darkness like you've never experienced before. In addition to the narrow, water-filled passages, caves are like dark labyrinths, so finding one's way out can be tricky. You have to continue or go back to where you started." Many cave divers have died when they ran out of oxygen or got lost or trapped in narrow cave systems even finding their bodies can be a risky challenge. You're in a tunnel that's filled with water. With normal scuba diving, "if something goes wrong you can go directly to the surface," Black told Live Science. Cave diving is one of the more dangerous and technical forms of scuba diving, with 368 fatalities reported between 19, according to the Cave Divers Association of Australia.
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